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Senate Statistics
Majority and Minority Parties (Party Division)
Note: Statistics listed below reflect party division immediately following the election. The actual number of senators representing a particular party often changes during a congress, due to the death or resignation of a senator, or as a consequence of a member changing parties.
1st Congress (1789-1791)
Majority Party: Pro-Administration (18 seats)
Minority Party: Anti-Administration (8 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 26
2nd Congress (1791-1793)
Majority Party: Pro-Administration (16 seats)
Minority Party: Anti-Administration (13 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Vacant: 1
Total Seats: 30
3rd Congress (1793-1795)
Majority Party: Pro-Administration (16 seats)
Minority Party: Anti-Administration (14 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 30
4th Congress (1795-1797)
Majority Party: Federalist (21 seats)
Minority Party: (Jeffersonian) Republican (11 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 32
5th Congress (1797-1799)
Majority Party: Federalist (22 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (10 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 32
6th Congress (1799-1801)
Majority Party: Federalist (22 seats)
Minority Party: Jeffersonian Republican (10 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 32
7th Congress (1801-1803)
Majority Party: Republican (17 seats)
Minority Party: Federalist (15 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Vacant: 2
Total Seats: 34
8th Congress (1803-1805)
Majority Party: Republican (25 seats)
Minority Party: Federalist (9 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 34
9th Congress (1805-1807)
Majority Party: Republican (27 seats)
Minority Party: Federalist (7 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 34
10th Congress (1807-1809
Majority Party: Republican (28 seats)
Minority Party: Federalist (6 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 34
11th Congress (1809-1811)
Majority Party: Republican (27 seats)
Minority Party: Federalist (7 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 34
12th Congress (1811-1813)
Majority Party: Republican (30 seats)
Minority Party: Federalist (6 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 36
13th Congress (1813-1815)
Majority Party: Republican (28 seats)
Minority Party: Federalist (8 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 36
14th Congress (1815-1817)
Majority Party: Republican (26 seats)
Minority Party: Federalist (12seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 38
15th Congress (1817-1819)
Majority Party: Republican (30 seats)
Minority Party: Federalist (12 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 42
16th Congress (1819-1821)
Majority Party: Republican (37 seats)
Minority Party: Federalist (9 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 46
17th Congress (1821-1823)
Majority Party: Republican (44 seats)
Minority Party: Federalist (4 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 48
18th Congress (1823-1825)
Majority Party: Jackson & Crawford Republicans (31)
Minority Party: Adams-Clay Republicans & Federalists (17)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 48
19th Congress (1825-1827)
Majority Party: Jacksonian (26 seats)
Minority Party: Adams (22 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 48
20th Congress (1827-1829)
Majority Party: Jacksonian (27 seats)
Minority Party: Adams (21 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 48
21st Congress (1829-1831)
Majority Party: Jacksonian (25 seats)
Minority Party: Anti-Jackson (23 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 48
22nd Congress (1831-1833)
Majority Party: Jacksonian (24 seats)
Minority Party: Anti-Jackson (22 seats)
Other Parties: 2 National Republican
Total Seats: 48
23rd Congress (1833-1835)
Majority Party: Anti-Jackson (26 seats)
Minority Party: Jacksonian (20 seats)
Other Parties: 2 National Republican
Total Seats: 48
24th Congress (1835-1837)
Majority Party: Jacksonian (26 seats)
Minority Party: Anti-Jackson (24 seats)
Other Parties: 2 National Republican
Total Seats: 52
25th Congress (1837-1839)
Majority Party: Democrat (35 seats)
Minority Party: Whig (17 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 52
26th Congress (1839-1841)
Majority Party: Democrat (30 seats)
Minority Party: Whig (22 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 52
27th Congress (1841-1843)
Majority Party: Whig (29 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (22 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Vacant: 1
Total Seats: 52
28th Congress (1843-1845)
Majority Party: Whig (29 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (23 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 52
29th Congress (1845-1847)
Majority Party: Democrat (34 seats)
Minority Party: Whig (22 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Vacant: 2
Total Seats: 58
30th Congress (1847-1849)
Majority Party: Democrat (38 seats)
Minority Party: Whig (21 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Independent Democrat
Total Seats: 60
31st Congress (1849-1851)
Majority Party: Democrat (35 seats)
Minority Party: Whig (25 seats)
Other Parties: 2 Free Soiler
Total Seats: 62
32nd Congress (1851-1853)
Majority Party: Democrat (36 seats)
Minority Party: Whig (23 seats)
Other Parties: 3 Free Soiler
Total Seats: 62
33rd Congress (1853-1855)
Majority Party: Democrat (38 seats)
Minority Party: Whig (22 seats)
Other Parties: 2 Free Soiler
Total Seats: 62
34th Congress (1855-1857)
Majority Party: Democrat (39 seats)
Minority Party: Opposition (22 seats)
Other Parties: 1 American Party
Total Seats: 62
35th Congress (1857-1859)
Majority Party: Democrat (41 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (20 seats)
Other Parties: 5 American Party
Total Seats: 66
36th Congress (1859-1861)
Majority Party: Democrat (38 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (26 seats)
Other Parties: 2 American Party
Vacant: 2
Total Seats: 66
37th Congress (1861-1863)
Majority Party: Republican (31 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (15 seats)
Other Parties: 3 Unionist
Vacant: 1
Total Seats: 50
38th Congress (1863-1865)
Majority Party: Republican (33 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (10 seats)
Other Parties: 5 Unconditional Unionist; 4 Unionist
Total Seats: 52
39th Congress (1865-1867)
Majority Party: Republican (39 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (11 seats)
Other Parties: 3 Unconditional Unionist; 1 Unionist
Total Seats: 54
40th Congress (1867-1869)
Majority Party: Republican (57 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (9 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Vacant: 2
Total Seats: 68
41st Congress (1869-1871)
Majority Party: Republican (62 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (12 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 74
42nd Congress (1871-1873)
Majority Party: Republican (56 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (17 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Liberal Republican
Total Seats: 74
43rd Congress (1873-1875)
Majority Party: Republican (47 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (19 seats)
Other Parties: 7 Liberal Republican
Vacant: 1
Total Seats: 74
44th Congress (1875-1877)
Majority Party: Republican (46 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (28 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Independent Republican
Vacant: 1
Total Seats: 76
45th Congress (1877-1879)
Majority Party: Republican (40 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (35 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Independent
Total Seats: 76
46th Congress (1879-1881)
Majority Party: Democrat (42 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (33 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Independent
Total Seats: 76
47th Congress (1881-1883)
Majority Party: Republican (37 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (37 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Independent; 1 Readjuster
Total Seats: 76
48th Congress (1883-1885)
Majority Party: Republican (38 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (36 seats)
Other Parties: 2 Readjuster
Total Seats: 76
49th Congress (1885-1887)
Majority Party: Republican (42 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (34 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 76
50th Congress (1887-1889)
Majority Party: Republican (39 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (37 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 76
51st Congress (1889-1891)
Majority Party: Republican (51 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (37 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 88
52nd Congress (1891-1893)
Majority Party: Republican (47 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (39 seats)
Other Parties: 2 Populist
Total Seats: 88
53rd Congress (1893-1895)
Majority Party: Democrat (44 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (40 seats)
Other Parties: 3 Populist; 1 Silver
Total Seats: 88
54th Congress (1895-1897)
Majority Party: Republican (44 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (40 seats)
Other Parties: 4 Populist; 2 Silver
Total Seats: 90
55th Congress (1897-1899)
Majority Party: Republican (44 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (34 seats)
Other Parties: 5 Populist; 5 Silver Republican; 2 Silver
Total Seats: 90
56th Congress (1899-1901)
Majority Party: Republican (53 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (26 seats)
Other Parties: 5 Populist; 3 Silver Republican; 2 Silver
Vacant: 1
Total Seats: 90
57th Congress (1901-1903)
Majority Party: Republican (56 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (32 seats)
Other Parties: 2 Populist
Total Seats: 90
58th Congress (1903-1905)
Majority Party: Republican (57 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (33 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 90
59th Congress (1905-1907)
Majority Party: Republican (58 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (32 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 90
60th Congress (1907-1909)
Majority Party: Republican (61 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (31 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 92
61st Congress (1909-1911)
Majority Party: Republican (60 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (32 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 92
62nd Congress (1911-1913)
Majority Party: Republican (52 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (44 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 96
63rd Congress (1913-1915)
Majority Party: Democrat (51 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (44 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Progressive
Total Seats: 96
64th Congress (1915-1917)
Majority Party: Democrat (56 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (40 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 96
65th Congress (1917-1919)
Majority Party: Democrat (54 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (42 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 96
66th Congress (1919-1921)
Majority Party: Republican (49 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (47 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 96
67th Congress (1921-1923)
Majority Party: Republican (59 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (37 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 96
68th Congress (1923-1925)
Majority Party: Republican (53 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (42 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Farmer-Labor
Total Seats: 96
69th Congress (1925-1927)
Majority Party: Republican (54 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (41 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Farmer-Labor
Total Seats: 96
70th Congress (1927-1929)
Majority Party: Republican (48 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (46 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Farmer-Labor
Vacant: 1
Total Seats: 96
71st Congress (1929-1931)
Majority Party: Republican (56 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (39 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Farmer-Labor
Total Seats: 96
72nd Congress (1931-1933)
Majority Party: Republican (48 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (47 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Farmer-Labor
Total Seats: 96
73rd Congress (1933-1935)
Majority Party: Democrat (59 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (36 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Farmer-Labor
Total Seats: 96
74th Congress (1935-1937)
Majority Party: Democrat (69 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (25 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Farmer-Labor; 1 Progressive
Total Seats: 96
75th Congress (1937-1939)
Majority Party: Democrat (76 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (16 seats)
Other Parties: 2 Farmer-Labor; 1 Progressive; 1 Independent
Total Seats: 96
76th Congress (1939-1941)
Majority Party: Democrat (69 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (23 seats)
Other Parties: 2 Farmer-Labor; 1 Progressive; 1 Independent
Total Seats: 96
77th Congress (1941-1943)
Majority Party: Democrat (66 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (28 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Independent; 1 Progressive
Total Seats: 96
78th Congress (1943-1945)
Majority Party: Democrat (57 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (38 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Progressive
Total Seats: 96
79th Congress (1945-1947)
Majority Party: Democrat (57 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (38 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Progressive
Total Seats: 96
80th Congress (1947-1949)
Majority Party: Republican (51 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (45 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 96
81st Congress (1949-1951)
Majority Party: Democrat (54 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (42 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 96
82nd Congress (1951-1953)
Majority Party: Democrat (49 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (47 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 96
83rd Congress (1953-1955)
Majority Party: Republican (48 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (47 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Independent
Total Seats: 96
84th Congress (1955-1957)
Majority Party: Democrat (48 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (47 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Independent
Total Seats: 96
Note: Strom Thurmond (SC) was an Independent Democrat during this Congress until his resignation on April 4, 1956. In November of that year he was elected as a Democrat to fill the vacancy created by his resignation. The Independent member listed above was Wayne Morse (OR), who changed from an Independent to a Democrat on February 17, 1955.
85th Congress (1957-1959)
Majority Party: Democrat (49 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (47 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 96
86th Congress (1959-1961)
Majority Party: Democrat (65 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (35 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
87th Congress (1961-1963)
Majority Party: Democrat (64 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (36 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
88th Congress (1963-1965)
Majority Party: Democrat (66 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (34 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
89th Congress (1965-1967)
Majority Party: Democrat (68 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (32 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
90th Congress (1967-1969)
Majority Party: Democrat (64 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (36 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
91st Congress (1969-1971)
Majority Party: Democrat (57 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (43 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
92nd Congress (1971-1973)
Majority Party: Democrat (54 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (44 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Conservative; 1 Independent
Total Seats: 100
93rd Congress (1973-1975)
Majority Party: Democrat (56 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (42 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Conservative; 1 Independent
Total Seats: 100
94th Congress (1975-1977)
Majority Party: Democrat (60 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (38 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Conservative; 1 Independent
Total Seats: 100
95th Congress (1977-1979)
Majority Party: Democrat (61 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (38 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Independent
Total Seats: 100
96th Congress (1979-1981)
Majority Party: Democrat (58 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (41 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Independent
Total Seats: 100
97th Congress (1981-1983)
Majority Party: Republican (53 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (46 seats)
Other Parties: 1 Independent
Total Seats: 100
98th Congress (1983-1985)
Majority Party: Republican (54 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (46 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
99th Congress (1985-1987)
Majority Party: Republican (53 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (47 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
100th Congress (1987-1989)
Majority Party: Democrat (55 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (45 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
101st Congress (1989-1991)
Majority Party: Democrat (55 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (45 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
102nd Congress (1991-1993)
Majority Party: Democrat (56 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (44 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
103rd Congress (1993-1995)
Majority Party: Democrat (57 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (43 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
Note: Party division changed to 56 Democrats and 44 Republicans after the June 5, 1993 election of Kay B. Hutchison (R-TX).
104th Congress (1995-1997)
Majority Party: Republican (52 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (48 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
Note: Party ratio changed to 53 Republicans and 47 Democrats after Richard Shelby of Alabama switched from the Democratic to Republican party on November 9, 1994. It changed again, to 54 Republicans and 46 Democrats, when Ben Nighthorse Campbell of Colorado switched from the Democratic to Republican party on March 3, 1995. When Robert Packwood (R-OR) resigned on October 1, 1995, the Senate divided between 53 Republicans and 46 Democrats with one vacancy. Ron Wyden (D) returned the ratio to 53 Republicans and 47 Democrats when he was elected to fill the vacant Oregon seat.
105th Congress (1997-1999)
Majority Party: Republican (55 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (45 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
106th Congress (1999-2001)
Majority Party: Republican (55 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (45 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
Note: As the 106th Congress began, the division was 55 Republican seats and 45 Democratic seats, but this changed to 54-45 on July 13, 1999 when Senator Bob Smith of New Hampshire switched from the Republican party to Independent status. On November 1, 1999, Smith announced his return to the Republican party, making the division once more 55 Republicans and 45 Democrats. Following the death of Senator Paul Coverdell (R-GA) on July 18, 2000, the balance shifted again, to 54 Republicans and 46 Democrats, when the governor appointed Zell Miller, a Democrat, to fill the vacancy.
107th Congress (2001-2003)
Majority Party (Jan 3-20, 2001): Democrat (50 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (50 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
Majority Party (Jan 20-June 6, 2001): Republican (50 seats)
Minority Party: Democrat (50 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 100
Majority Party (June 6, 2001 --): Democrat (50 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (49 seats)
Other Parties: 1
Total Seats: 100
Note: From January 3 to January 20, 2001 the Democrats held the majority, thanks to the deciding vote of outgoing Democratic Vice President Al Gore. Starting January 20, 2001, the incoming Republican Vice President Richard Cheney held the deciding vote, giving the majority to the Republicans. On May 24, 2001, Senator James Jeffords of Vermont announced his switch from Republican to Independent status, effective June 6, 2001. Jeffords announced that he would caucus with the Democrats, changing control of the evenly divided Senate from the Republicans to the Democrats.
Party Division in the House of Representatives
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