World's Religions

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=25 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="eda733e1egerdp.jpg"> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=30 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="ed82a902egerdp.jpg"> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=455 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="614" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 61 ><NOBR><div> <A HREF="news_and_updates.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="news and updates"><U><B><IMG SRC="14b639390.jpg" border=0 width="57" height="57" ALT="click the PYRAMID for ~ news & updates ~" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B>annemarcus.com ~ click the PYRAMID for news and updates</B></div> <div> a practical guide for the human experience</div> <div> <B>Charts and Illustrations</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> World's Religions</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="3" WIDTH="655" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 114 WIDTH="525"><div> The information on this chart should be treated with the greatest amount of care and respect.  It is intended for informational purposes only and is presented in fact and fairness.</div> <bR> <div> If you feel that any of the information on this page is not correct or misrepresentative of your spiritual organization, <A HREF="mailto:annemarcus1111@lycos.com" TARGET="_top" TITLE="mailto:annemarcus1111@lycos.com"><U>please let me know</U></A> and I'll make the appropriate corrections.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="e4856560.gif" border=0 width="86" height="86" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="4" CELLSPACING="2" WIDTH="1545" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#DDDDDD > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#777777 HEIGHT= 33 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>NAME</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#777777 WIDTH="87"><div> <B>PROPHET</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#777777 WIDTH="107"><div> <B>GOD</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#777777 WIDTH="74"><div> <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FFCC66" FACE="Verdana" ><B>LOCATION </B></FONT>(origin)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#777777><NOBR><div> <B>TIME</B></div> <div> (beginning)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#777777><NOBR><div> <B>MEMBERS</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#777777 WIDTH="234"><div> <B>ADMINISTRATION - DEVELOPMENT</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#777777 WIDTH="106"><div> <B>NAME</B></div> <div> REPEAT</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#777777 WIDTH="341"><div> <B>PHILOSOPHY</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#777777 WIDTH="243"><div> <B>RITUALS/TRADITIONS</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 68 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Baha'i</B></div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Baha'u'llah</div> <div> (manifestation of God)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> Iran</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1800-1900 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 5,000,000</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> 1852 by Persian Nobleman named Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri assumed Baha'u'llah (Glory of God)</div> <div> New shrine on Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Baha'i</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Beliefs and attitudes:  Baha'i believe in a oneness of God and humanity.  Believe in a common foundation of all religions, equality of all people, and a universal language and education.  They strive for world peace and the creation of a world government.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> Daily Life:</div> <div> Each day turn to God in prayer. Each morning and evening  read some of the Bahá'í scriptures, meditate on them, and try to put them into practice.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 109 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Baptists *</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Jesus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> Israel</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> Time of Christ</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 31,000,000</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Thought to be the original Christian religion as dictated by Jesus Christ.  Has remained true to doctrines and remained separate from the off shoot of Catholicism.</div> <div> Founded in England in 1609 by John Smyth and in America in 1638 by Roger Williams.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Baptists</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="341"><div> <B>see Christianity</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Study bible and attend church regularly.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Oppose use of alcohol and tobacco.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Baptism by total immersion in water.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 164 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Buddhism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Buddha</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> seeking Nirvana</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> India</div> <bR> <div> China</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 500-600 BC</div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 307,000,000</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Siddharta Gautama, known as Buddha.  Achieved enlightenment through meditation while gathering a community of Monks to carry on his teachings.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Buddhism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Life goal:  Achieve nirvana (the ultimate state of peace and good feelings)</div> <div> Method:  Meditation and the practice of good and moral behavior.</div> <div> Beliefs: Buddha is the only master is the embodiment of the Great Compassion (Mahakaruna) and the Great Wisdom (Mahaprajna).  Do not believe the world is ruled by a God.  Before achieving enlightenment, lifetimes of learning the effects of good and bad karma are needed.  Existence is a realm of suffering caused by desire and over emphasis placed on the self.  Purpose of life is to develop compassion for all living beings.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> The Three Pure Precepts:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Cease to do evil</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Do only good</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Do good for others</div> <div> Four Noble Truths (Dukkha):</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Arising of suffering</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Path of suffering</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Cessation of suffering</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Cause and Effect of suffering</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 106 ><NOBR><div> <B>Catholicism *</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Jesus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> Rome</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> Time of Christ</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 980,000,000</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Church founded by the apostle Peter.  Pope is leader of all Roman Catholics.  Administers through bishops and priests.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Catholicism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Beliefs:  Gospel of Jesus Christ and  the teachings of the Bible as well as Catholic interpretations.  </div> <div> Method:  Redemption through Jesus Christ is professed as the only method of obtaining salvation, which is necessary to  ensure a place in heaven after life on earth.  God's grace is obtained through the seven sacraments.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> Seven sacraments:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">communion or Eucharist</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">baptism</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">confirmation</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">penance</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">holy orders</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">matrimony</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">caring for the ill</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 230 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Christi</B><B>anit</B><B>y </B></div> <div> sects are designated by </div> <div> an astrix*</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Jesus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> Israel</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> Time of  Christ</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> Includes many different sects around the world.  A few of them are listed on this chart. *</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Began from a sect of Judaism after the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.  2000 year history of Christianity shows it has branched off into multitudes of sects in many parts of the world.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Christianity</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> All Christians study and adhere to the new testament as the teachings of Jesus Christ who claimed to be the son of God.</div> <div> "Love they neighbor", "turn the other cheek"</div> <div> Beliefs: Jesus Christ died in the place of all mankind to save them from the original sin.  If sins are repented, they will enjoy heaven  with God.  Belief in the devil, Satan.  </div> <div> Holy Trinity:  Father, Son and the Holy Spirit.</div> <bR> <div> Baptists - Claim to be original followers of Jesus Christ as he lived.</div> <div> Catholicism - Founded by the Apostle Peter</div> <div> Orthodox Eastern Church - separated in 1054</div> <div> Christians - Of who Christ is the Messiah, off shoot from Judaism after crucifixion.</div> <div> Beginning in 1500, many different sects of Christianity have separated from the whole.   Sects can be found all over the world due to the vast travels of missionaries.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> Specifics vary from sect to sect.</div> <bR> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Simple basics rites</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Daily Bible Study</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Regular Church attendance</div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 77 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Church of Christ *</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Jesus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> Kentucky, America</div> <div> Pennsyl., America</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1804 AD</div> <bR> <div> 1809 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 1,600,000</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Organized by Presbyterians in Kentucky in 1804 and again in Pennsylvania in 1809.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>Church of Christ</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="341"><div> <B>see Christianity</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Baptism of adults</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Simple basic rites</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Follow New Testament of The Bible</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 77 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Church of England *</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Jesus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> England</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1534 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="77" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="70" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> King Henry VIII of England broke with the Roman Catholic Church with the act of Supremacy in 1534.  He was Declared head of the Church of England.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Church of England</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="341"><div> <B>see Christianity</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Simple basic rites</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Follow New Testament of The Bible, adopted a few modifications</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Book of Common Prayer</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB HEIGHT= 26 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>NAME</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="87"><div> <B>PROPHET</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="107"><div> <B>GOD</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>LOCATION</B></div> <div> (origin)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>TIME</B></div> <div> (beginning)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>MEMBERS</B></div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>HISTORY/ADMINISTRATION</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>NAME</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="341"><div> <B>PHILOSOPHY</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="243"><div> <B>RITUALS/TRADITIONS</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 189 ><NOBR><div> <B>Confucianism</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Confucius</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> China</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 500-600 BC</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> unknown</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Confucius was a Chinese philosopher and a disciple of Lao-Tze.   His sayings and dialogues are known as The Analects and were written down by his followers.  Confucianism grew out of a difficult time in Chinese history.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>Confucianism</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Values:  Li: Correct social behavior</div> <div> Hsiao: Family unity, love and loyalty</div> <div> Yi: Righteousness </div> <div> Xin: Honesty and trustworthiness </div> <div> Jen: Active sympathy and empathy for all others (most stressed point)</div> <div> Chung: Loyalty to community</div> <div> Challenged by Taoism and Buddhism and then partially incorporated to create neo-confucianism during Sung dynasty (CE 960-1279). </div> <div> The order of development which Confucius set forth is as follows:  Investigation of phenomena,  Learning,  Sincerity,  Rectitude of purpose,  Self-development,  Family-discipline,  Local self-government, and  Universal self-government.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> Important periods:  Birth, maturity, marriage, and death.</div> <div> Confucius said: A virtuous man has three awes:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Awe for Heaven's decree</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Awe for great men</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Awe for saints' words</div> <div> When worshipping God, one must feel as if He were visibly present.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 260 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Deism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> None</div> <div> believes that no man has ever been 'sent' by God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> England</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 1600's AD</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> unknown</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Deism was first a term used to describe radical Christianity later in the 17th century.  Later in the century, the term was used to describe those who rejected any notion of God that didn't have basis in fact or reason.  </div> <div> Lord Herbert of Cherbury of England developed a common guide to all religions for the purpose of peaceful negotiations.  Commonly known that Deism reflects these documents, but does not revere them as holy.</div> <div> No Hierarchy.  No holy books. No association with any known religious group.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Deism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Beliefs:  God is supreme being.  Does not acknowledge any  prophet as sent from or provided by God.  Reason and Nature confirms the existence of a creator.  Use no holy books.  God may interfere in human affairs.</div> <div> Pray for thanks and appreciation.  Self reliance and action through reason.</div> <div> Heavy emphasis on Albert Einstein's description of God "My religion consists of a humble admiration of the illimitable superior spirit who reveals himself in the slight details we are able to perceive with our frail and feeble minds. That deeply emotional conviction of the presence of a superior reasoning power, which is revealed in the incomprehensible universe, forms my idea of God."</div> <div> Many great philosophers, scientists and politicians from England, Germany, France and America claimed Deity as their belief system.</div> <div> Deists played a major role in creating the principle of separation of church and state, and the religious freedom clauses of the 1st Amendment of the Constitution in America.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> Five Articles of the English Deists:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">1 A belief in the existence of a single supreme God</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">2  The obligation to reverence such a power</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">3  The identification of worship with practical mortality</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">4  The obligation to repent of sin and to abandon it</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">5  Divine reward in life and after death</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 81 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Episcopal Church *</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Jesus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> American off shoot from the Church of England</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1784 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 2,700,000</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Offshoot of the Church of England, which is an offshoot of the Roman Catholic Church.  Samuel Seabury was 1st Bishop and held convention in 1789.  Worship based on the </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Episcopal Church</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="341"><div> <B>see Christianity</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Simple basic rites</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Follow New Testament of The Bible, adopted a few modifications of Church of Christ</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Book of Common Prayer</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Baptism of infants</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 137 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Gnosticism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> considers teachings from all known prophets</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> Egypt (?)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> Unknown origin, (probably off shoot from Hermetic teachings)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> Theory of spirituality, rather than an organization</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> The theory of gnosis can be traced back to Hermetic teachings, where spirituality as we know it as human beings, began as a telling and teaching with language to certain higher level individuals.</div> <div> Gnosticism has gone through much upheaval and criticism throughout time and continues to reemerge in various areas of the world.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Gnosticism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> The word Gnosis represents knowledge of a deep and internal spiritual truth based on experience.  Motivated by three basic drives, survival, pleasure and knowledge.  Spirituality is encouraged in personal setting rather than in church setting.  Gnostics find their path by attuning to Gnosis and the Great Spirit and discovering the laws of nature and of the universe, and believe that all is created by thought.  Discourage attraction to and emphasis on material things.  Believe this life is a 'school' where lessons must be passed before moving on.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> Opposed to systematic law and order of human behaviors and draws its morals and values from the Great Spirit through the self.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 163 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Hinduism</B></div> <div> common grouping of overall beliefs held by many separate sects</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Belief in idea of totality which is called Brahman</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> Elements of the whole of God are separated and worshiped as follows as the Divine Trinity -</div> <div> Brahma the creator</div> <div> Vishnu the preserver</div> <div> Shiva the destroyer</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> India</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 4000 - 2500 BCE</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 648,000,000</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Developed from indigenous religions of India in combination with Aryan religions brought to India.  The Veda and the Upanishads are the sacred scriptures of Hinduism.</div> <div> Society classifications:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Brahmins or priests</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">rulers and warriors</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">farmers and merchants</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">peasants and laborers</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Hinduism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Goal:  Release from continual reincarnation and the pitfalls of humanity.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">yoga</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">apply Vedic scriptures</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 149 ><NOBR><div> <B>Islam (Muslim)</B></div> <div> "submission to God"</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> Mohammed</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> Allah</div> <div> "The One True God"</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> Asia</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 622 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 840,000,000</div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Mohammed.  Islam are divided into two main sects; the Sunni and the Shiite. The Wahabis are part of the Sunni sect.  The Shiite sects include the Assassins, the Druses, the Fatimids, among others.</div> <div> Believe  in prophets Abraham, David, Moses and Jesus.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>Islam (Muslim)</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Follow The Koran (Qu'ran) from Allah (God) as received by Mohammed.  They also follow <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Verdana" >the Hadith, which is Mohammed's work.</FONT></div> <div> Muslims believe in one creator who is fair, powerful and sympathetic. They also believe in Satan who encourages sin.  They believe in Heaven and Hell.  Repenting and submission  to God returns them to a state of purity and they go to Paradise after death. Alcohol, drugs, and gambling are avoided.  They reject racism. </div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> Worship of Allah through the Five Pillars. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">statement "There is no God but God, and Mohammed is his prophet"</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">prayer (salat) conducted five times a day while facing Mecca</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">giving of alms</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">keeping of the fast of Ramadan during the ninth month of the Muslim year when Mohammed received the Qu'ran from Allah.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">pilgrimage  to Mecca</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 147 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Jainism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Mahavira</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> Mahavira</div> <div> (God in the form of a man)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> India</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 500 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 5,000,000</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Vardhamana, last in a series of 24 Jina of East India. Wandered for 13 years living a life of deprivation.  Fasted to death as spirit quest. Jainism is similar to Hinduism and Buddhism, but the most strict of all. </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Jainism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Beliefs: Karma, reincarnation - liberation through asceticism.</div> <div> Every existing thing has a soul including trees, rocks, plants, animals, birds, fish, etc.  Go to every measure to avoid injuring or killing any living thing.</div> <div> Sacred text:  The Agama, the teachings of Mahavira; the Cheda-sutra, rules of asceticism; the Culika-sutras, concentrating on the nature of the mind and knowledge.</div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">fruititarianism (eating only foods that will not kill a plan or an animal)</div> <div> 2 denominations</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Diganbara (naked) monks and nuns. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Svatembara (white robed) followers</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">1 destroy no life</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">2 does not lie</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">3 practice charity</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">4 practice chastity</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">5 posses nothing, want nothing</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">6 devotion of whole life to task (Moshka)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB HEIGHT= 26 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>NAME</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="87"><div> <B>PROPHET</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="107"><div> <B>GOD</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>LOCATION</B></div> <div> (origin)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>TIME</B></div> <div> (beginning)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>MEMBERS</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>HISTORY/ADMINISTRATION</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>NAME</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="341"><div> <B>PHILOSOPHY</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="243"><div> <B>RITUALS/TRADITIONS</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 95 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Jehovah's Witness</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> None specific -regard of the name of God,</div> <div> Jehovah (translation of the Hebrew term YHVH)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> America</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1890 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> 900,000</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Founder: Charles T. Russel</div> <div> All members are ministers who promote their faith.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Jehovah's Witness</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Jehovah's Witness believe in a second coming of Jesus Christ and the potential salvation of mortal souls during the millennium.  Some members promote their faith, sometimes in a door to door fashion.  All members refuse service in the armed forces and will not accept blood transfusions, will not salute national flags or participate in politics.</div> <div> Encourage strong marriages and families.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Proselytize faith</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">abstain from alcohol, drugs, tabacco and gambling</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 229 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Judaism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Moses</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> Yod-Heh-Vav-Heh (YHVH)</div> <div> Yah (Yod-Heh) </div> <div> Yahu or Yeho (Yod-Heh-Vav)</div> <div> Eliyahu (my God is the Lord)</div> <div> Halleluyah (praise the Lord) </div> <div> Elohim</div> <div> El</div> <div> Eloha</div> <div> Elohai (my God)</div> <div> Elohaynu (our God)</div> <div> El Shaddai (God Almighty)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> Israel</div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 2000 BC</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> 18,000,000 (US)</div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Stemming from the descendants of Judah in Judea, Judaism was founded in 2000 B.C. by Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.</div> <div> Judaism is divided into four groups: </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Orthodox community.  Considers the Torah as derived from God.  Follows explicitly.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Reform movement.  Follows the  ethical contain of the Torah.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Conservative.  Follows most of the observances set out in the Torah but adjusts for modern life. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Reconstructionist.  Rejects the concept of themselves as  God's chosen people, however  maintains rituals of the Judaic cultural heritage.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Judaism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Judaism embraces  the Torah (Old Testament) to the letter.   It is believed that:  <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Verdana" >God exists; is one and unique; is incorporeal; and is eternal; Prayer is to be directed only to God; words of prophets are true; Moses was the greatest of prophets; the Written Torah (first 5 books of the Bible) and Oral Torah (teachings now contained in the Talmud and other writings) were given to Moses; there will be no other Torah; God knows the thoughts and deeds of men; God will reward the good and punish the wicked; The Messiah will come; and  the dead will be resurrected.</FONT></div> <div> The Torah also contains the 613 commandments, including the Ten Commandments. </div> <div> Judaism requires participation in daily rituals, strong and loyal bonds with temple or synagogue, family and community.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Daily, weekly,  monthly, yearly observances</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Practice the 613 commandments listed in the Torah (Old Testament) </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 96 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Lutheran *</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Jesus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> Delaware, America</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1638 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> 8,000,000 US</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Based on the writing of Martin Luther, who left the Roman Catholic Church and led Protestant Reformation.  First congregation was in Wilmington, Delaware.  First regional synod was founded in 1748 by Heinrich Melchior Muhlenberg.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Lutheran</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> Christian beliefs.  Salvation comes from faith alone.</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Communion</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Conservative in ethics</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Baptism of infants</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 96 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Methodist *</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Jesus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> America</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1738 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> 13,500,000 US</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Founder:  Reverend John Wesley, who began evangelistic preaching with the Church of England in 1738.  A separate Wesleyan Church was established in 1791.  Methodist name comes from it's founders desire to study religion by rule and method.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Methodist</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> Christian beliefs.  Follow the bible by tradition and reason.</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Communion</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Baptism of infants and adults</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Worship varies by denomination within Methodism</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 106 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Mormon</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Jesus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> New York,</div> <div> America</div> <div> Ohio,</div> <div> America</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1830 AD</div> <bR> <div> 1831 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 9,500,000</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Founder:  Joseph Smith.  Later lead by Brigam Young to Utah and established headquarters in 1847.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Mormon</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Faith is based on The Book of Mormon, The Doctrine and Covenants and the Pearl of Great Price, the Holy Bible.  </div> <div> Focus is revelation through connection with spiritual and physical worlds and through proselytize.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">abstinence from alcohol, drugs and tabacco</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">community</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">self reliance</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">baptism</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">laying on of hands</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">communion</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">temple for secret ceremonies</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">baptism of the dead</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 203 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Orthodox Eastern </B></div> <div> <B>Church *</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Jesus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> movement</div> <div> of many sects in Asia and Europe</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1054 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 250,000,000</div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Began its split from the Roman Catholic Church in the fifth century. The break was finalized in 1054.  The followers of the Orthodox Church are members of many different denominations, including the Church of Greece, the Church of Cyprus, and the Russian Orthodox Church. </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Orthodox Eastern </B></div> <div> <B>Church</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Orthodox religion regards biblical Scripture and tradition, moved by the Holy Spirit  expressed within the Orthodox community, to be the source of Christian truth. It rejects doctrine developed by Western churches. Doctrine was established by seven ecumenical councils between 325 and 787 and amended by other councils in the late Byzantine period. Relations between the Orthodox churches and Roman Catholicism have improved since the Second Vatican Council (1960's).</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Byzantine rite (Greek rite) the Liturgy. Liturgy is not usually celebrated daily as in the West, and it is always sung</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Leavened bread is used in the Eucharist Communion</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Infants receive communion and confirmation</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Confirmation is conferred by priests</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The frequency of confession varies</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Church buildings are generally square, with a solid sanctuary screen covered with icons (iconostasis)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Parish priests may marry prior to ordination</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Monks and bishops may not marry</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 147 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Pagan</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> Pre-Christian</div> <div> Various</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God(s)</div> <div> Goddess(es)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> Egypt</div> <div> (the oldest sect)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> Pre Christ</div> <div> (neo-paganism)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> up to 600,000 US</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Paganism encompasses all nature centered spirituality as well as polytheistic and magical religions.  A few systems include, Druidism, Kabbalah, Greco-Roman, Native American, Wicca, ancient Egyptian and Norse.</div> <div> Non organized religion</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Pagan</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Basic common beliefs of Paganism include; exist in harmony with nature; Many revere the Goddess; honor pre-Christian deities; discourage institutionalization; quest to develop self; acceptance and encouragement of diversity; emphasis on free will.</div> <div> Independent, sometimes anonymous members rarely promote their faith or beliefs.</div> <div> Most Pagan religions practice some form of magic, either folk or practical.</div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Solstices</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Lunar phases</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Halloween</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Birth</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Nature's gifts (snow, rain, sun, wind)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Tarot, Animal Oracles, Runes, Stones, Medicine Cards</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Astrology</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Medicine circle</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Magic, folk or practical</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Creed: If it harm none, do what you will</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB HEIGHT= 26 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>NAME</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="87"><div> <B>PROPHET</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="107"><div> <B>GOD</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="74"><div> <B>ORIGIN</B></div> <div> (location)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>TIME</B></div> <div> (beginning)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>MEMBERS</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>HISTORY/ADMINISTRATION</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>NAME</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="341"><div> <B>PHILOSOPHY</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="243"><div> <B>RITUALS/TRADITIONS</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 232 ><NOBR><div> <B>Pentecostal *</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Jesus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> America</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1906 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> 10,500,000 US</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Worldwide Christian movement which began in the early 1900's. </div> <div> Classic Pentecostalism founder: Charles Fox Parham.  After Parham's  Apostolic Faith mission became the center of a great revival in 1906, the movement spread around the world.</div> <div> Pentecost is a Greek term meaning Jewish Feast of Weeks, held on the fiftieth day after Passover. </div> <div> Largest member centers are America, Indonesia, sub-Sahara Africa, Latin America and Europe. Pentecostal World Conference, first held in Sweden (1939). The American counterpart to the conference is the Pentecostal-Charismatic Churches of North America</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>Pentecostal</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Pentecostals promote charismata (gifts of the Spirit), including faith healing, prophecy, and exorcism, messages in tongues, word from the Lord, manifestation of the Spirit, etc.</div> <div> Beliefs: Conservative evangelical, word of Jesus Christ.  In the Book of Ephesians, the Apostle Paul speaks of "unity of the Spirit" as "one body, and one Spirit, one hope, one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all", supernatural.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Spirit baptism</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Worship:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">1) worship as a way of Christian life, particularly outside of the church services and activities. All of life is seen as worship, as an expression, a gift, offered to God</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">2) worship as the entire liturgy, the whole of the Pentecostal service</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">3) worship as a specific portion, aspect, or rite within the overall liturgy. </div> <bR> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 123 ><NOBR><div> <B>Presbyterian *</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Jesus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> Scotland</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1557 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 3,200,000</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> John Knox first founded the Church in Scotland in 1557 after studying with Calvin (Calvinism, which builds upon grievances of the Lutherans)  in Switzerland as a reform movement of the Roman Catholic Church.  Irish missionary, Francis Makemie, founded the first Presbyterian Church in the United States in 1706.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>Presbyterian</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Presbyterians are distinctive in two ways: 1) practice Reformed theology and believe in a government that includes representational leadership of both ministers and church members.  (Reformed theology evolved during the 16th century religious movement known as the Protestant Reformation and emphasizes God's supremacy over everything and humanity's chief purpose as being to glorify and enjoy God forever.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Prayer</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Music</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Scripture</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Preaching </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Sacraments</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Offering </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Baptism</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Community</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 246 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Quakers,</B></div> <div> <B>Religious Society of Friends</B></div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> self experience</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> England</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1600 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> 300,000 WW</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Founder: George Fox  The movement was founded by in England <B>George Fox</B> (1624-1691), a nonconformist religious reformer.   Movement divided into four groups: </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Hicksites: Liberal, eastern US, emphasized social reform</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Gurneyites: Progressive and evangelical Quakers.  Followed Joseph John Gurney, retained pastors, and were Bible centered.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Wilburites: Traditionalists, devoted to individual spiritual inspiration.  Followed John Wilbur.  Mostly from rural areas. Retained traditional Quaker speech and dress.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Orthodox: Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, a Christocentric group.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Quakers</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> George Fox believed everyone has an innate inner capacity to comprehend the Word of God & express opinions on spiritual matters. ( from John 1:9 in the Christian Scriptures) - "The true Light, that lighteth every man that cometh into the world." </div> <div> Logical consequences of this belief were: </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Every man and woman has direct access to God; no priestly class or "steeple houses" (churches) are needed.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Every person - male or female, slave or free is of equal worth.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">There is no need in one's religious life for elaborate ceremonies, rituals, gowns, creeds, dogma, or other "empty forms."</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Following the inward light would lead to spiritual development and towards individual perfection.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Service includes quiet meditation without ritual or sermon</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Members are active in peace, education & social welfare movements</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Refuse to take oaths or bear arms</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 220 ><NOBR><div> <B>Rastafarianism</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> self experience</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> JAH</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> Israel</div> <div> Ethiopia</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> Pre-Christ</div> <div> 1930 official</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="220" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="70" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Rastafarianism began with black slaves of Israel who felt an affinity to the enslaved Hebrews.  Some actually claimed to be Jews.  Movement existed in US during slavery times.  Some claim that white people have changed the original text of the bible, and they work to restore both testaments.  Newly revised edition of the bible is referred to as the Holy Piby (the black mans Bible).</div> <div> 1930 in Ethiopia, Ras Tafari Makonnen was crowned King of Kings and Lord or Lords with the throne-name, Haile Selassie.  Jamaican sects revered Ras Tafari Makonnen.  Currently, most Rastafarians reside in Jamaica.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>Rastafarianism</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> The origin of beliefs of the Rastafarian stems from the torah or the first testament of the Bible, however, they have retranslated parts of the documents and consider the white mans version to not be correct in whole, but well in basic theory.  They believe that the Zion (Africa) with be returned to them.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> Practices:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">dread locks hairstyle</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">where mostly green, yellow and red</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">high value placed on smoking marijuana (ganja) in conjunction with meditation and to reflect on the word of Rah</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">unique language</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">I&I - one with Rah (God), one with another, or another with Rah</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 136 ><NOBR><div> <B>Rosicrucianism</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="136" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="87" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> America</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1868 AD</div> <div> 1902 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> Unknown</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> (1868) Founder:  R. W. Little who was influenced by the Society of the Rose and the Cross founded in Germany in 1413 by Christian Rosencreuz. </div> <div> (1902) Brotherhood established in Quakertown, Penn by Reuben Swinburne Clymer.</div> <div> (1915) Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crusis founded in San Jose, California by Spencer Lewis</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>Rosicrucianism</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Categorized as a cult.  Doctrines, rituals and practices were largely held as a secret society (Some charts and doctrines are currently published on the internet).</div> <div> Regard attainment of philosophical knowledge and achievement of a patient disposition.  Worship nature's symbols and natural forces as God.  Consider three worlds, the earth/sun, heaven and hell.  Belief in Hermetic Philosophy.  Astrology.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> Study philosophies, practice detailed rituals.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 137 ><NOBR><div> <B>Scientology</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> none</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> America</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 1950's AD</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> 500,000</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Founder: Ron L. Hubbard.  The basis of scientology stems from Hubbard's book Dianetics along with more than 500,000 pages of writings, 3,000 recorded lectures and more than 100 films, which constitute the scriptures of the religion.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Scientology</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Beliefs:  Man is an immortal spiritual being and his experience extends well beyond a single lifetime. His capabilities are unlimited, even if not presently realized; United States Constitution and the rights of all persons; survival depends upon himself and upon his fellows and his attainment of brotherhood with the universe; Laws of God forbid man to destroy his own kind, the sanity of another, to destroy or enslave another's soul or reduce the survival of one's companions or one's group; The spirit can be saved and that the spirit alone may save or heal the body. </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Auditing is the method of rehabilitation of the human spirit.  Auditors help guide individuals to examine their existence by use of a structured series of steps developed by Ron L. Hubbard.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Use of E-Meter, which measures negative energy response of an individuals expression.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Personal spiritual enlightenment</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 49 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Seventh Day Adventist Church *</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Jesus</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> America</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1863 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> 700,000</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> From the teachings of William Miller in the 1840's</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Seventh Day Adventist Church</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="341"><div> <B>see Christianity</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="49" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="243" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB HEIGHT= 26 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>NAME</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="87"><div> <B>PROPHET</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="107"><div> <B>GOD</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="74"><div> <B>ORIGIN</B></div> <div> (location)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>TIME</B></div> <div> (beginning)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>MEMBERS</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>HISTORY/ADMINISTRATION</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>NAME</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="341"><div> <B>PHILOSOPHY</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="243"><div> <B>RITUALS/TRADITIONS</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 137 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Shamanism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> The Path of the Feather: Becoming a shaman through a series of vision quest.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> exact unknown</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> Ancient</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> unknown</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> No organization.  Practiced everywhere and is considered Paganism.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Shamanism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> The Path of the Feather: Any individual taking the path to become a contemporary shaman.  This is accomplished by mastering tasks, rituals, and understanding: See and hear voices of the Earth, make medicine wheels, listen to the voices of the spirit animals and ancient ones.  Ordinary life becomes a vision quest, and is a shamanic journey.</div> <div> This is ancient magic and ancient healing. The shaman manifests reality in the world from the visionary world. Considered the same way the world was created from God's vision.  All training is done by self induced meditation.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> The shaman in tribal cultures:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Sees into the sacred world and shares visions with the people. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Brings visions out as art, music, dance, and storytelling (during this ritual art process, the shaman heals themselves, others, and the earth. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">By visions of healing and sacred ritual the shaman makes the visions come true. </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 163 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Shinto</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> none</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> Kami</div> <div> divine spirit in all that is alive.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> Japan</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 660 BCE</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> 3,500,000 US</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Religion established long before writing was introduced in Japan.  Origin of beliefs are unknown and have no known prophet.</div> <div> Shinto means "Way of the Gods".  Shinto appreciate God in all of nature with respect to its symmetry and beauty.  (Nature deities include: Izanagi and Izanami who gave birth to the islands and in turned spawned additional clans representing the elements of life.)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Shinto</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Shinto accepts the material world as good and promotes industry and development.  Especially revered at Mount Fuji are cherry blossoms, bonsai trees, formal gardens and the Sakaki or holy tree.  Shinto accept re-manifestation or reincarnation.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> Four Affirmations:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Tradition and family: The family is the main mechanism by which traditions are preserved. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Love of nature: Nature is sacred and natural objects are to be worshipped as sacred spirits. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Physical cleanliness: They must take baths, wash their hands, and rinse their mouth often. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">"Matsuri": Festival, which honors the spirits. </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 283 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Sikhism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> <div> Nama</div> <div> Nammarga (the way of Nama)</div> <div> Om Kar (creator)</div> <div> Sat-Nam (the true name)</div> <div> Wah-guru (Hail Guru)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> India</div> <div> Pakistan</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1500 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> 20,000,000</div> <div> world wide</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Sikh means disciple, specifically, disciplines from 10 Gurus (religious teacher, close to God).  Founded by Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469-1539) in the Punjab area which is now Pakistan.  Began preaching the way to enlightenment after receiving a vision.  Tried to unite Hindus and Muslims.</div> <div> It is believed that Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the original Guru, has  reincarnated into the following nine Gurus.  The 10 Gurus led the movement until 1708. The last Guru, Gobind Singh, passed the beliefs to a written doctrines called the Panth and the holy text, Shri Guru Granth Sahib, and is considered the 11th and final Guru.</div> <div> Boys add Sigh (lion) to surname and girls add Kaur (princess).</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Sikhism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Beliefs:  Devotion to a single formless God, who is present in all living things at all times; karma and reincarnation; honest living; equality of mankind, no separation of classes; prohibited from worshipping idols or icons.</div> <div> Sikh Holy Book, Shri Guru Granth Sahib,  includes teachings of its 10 Gurus and is considered the 11th Guru.  Includes hymns and writings as well as text from different Muslim and Hindu saints.</div> <div> No alcohol, no meat, no tabacco, </div> <bR> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> Multiple prayer time during the 10% of the day </div> <div> Earning for charity 10% of the day</div> <div> Sikh Rahit Marayada (Code of conduct):</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Not permitted to have any allegiances to other religions</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Must accept the teaching of the Gurus in the entirety</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">A person who does not follow the above risks excommunication from Sikh society</div> <div> Celebrate Hindu festivals</div> <div> Wear turbans (unity of brotherhood)</div> <div> Apply 5-K:  </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Wear hair and beard uncut, remind to not do injury to any part of the body</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Wooden comb symbolizes cleanliness</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Short pants underwear to remind of loyalty to marriage bed </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Small sword to protect the poor and weak</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a011111100.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Iron bracelet on the right arm for devotion to the truth. </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 245 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Taoism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Lao-tse</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> Tao</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> China</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 440 BC</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> unknown</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Taoism was founded by Lao-Tse, a contemporary of Confucius of China. Taoism started as both psychology and philosophy.  Lao-Tse hoped to end the conflicts of his time.</div> <div> Taoism became an official religion in 440 BC when it was adopted as a state religion.</div> <div> Chinese communists invision Taoism as fatalistic and passive and a detriment to socialist reconstruction.  The People's Republic has maintained some practical arts of Taoism, such as the use of traditional herbal medicines.  Taoism functioned in imperial China as a retreat and withdrawal from the struggles of mainstream life.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Taoism</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Tao-te-Ching, the writings of Lao-Tse, describe the nature of life, the way to peace and how a ruler should lead his life.</div> <div> Tao, translated as a path and a force, which flows through all life and is the first cause of everything. </div> <div> The goal of everyone is to become one with the Tao. </div> <div> Tai Chi is a technique of exercise that uses slow deliberate movements.  It is used to balance the flow of energy (chi) within the body. </div> <div> Followers seek to develop virtue, compassion, moderation and humility. Taoist plan action in advance to achieve through minimal action.</div> <div> Yin (dark side) and Yang (light side) symbolize pairs of opposites, which are seen through the universe, such as good and evil, light and dark, male and female. The impact of human civilization upsets the balance of Yin and Yang. </div> <div> Taoists believe that people are by nature, good, and that one should be kind to others simply because such treatment will probably be reciprocated.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> No longer practiced as a large organization, however Taoism disciplines still remain part of the Chinese culture and as well, disciplines are taught in many parts of the world.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 49 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>Unitarian Universalist Association</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Various</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> Freedom of belief</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> America</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="49" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="68" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> 171,000</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Merger of Universal Church of America (1779) and American Unitarian Association (1823).</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>Unitarian Universalist Association</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> No specific guidelines</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> No specific guidelines</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 54 WIDTH="113"><div> <B>United Church of Christ *</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Jesus </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> God</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> America</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 1957 AD</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="70" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Union of General Council of Congregational Christian Churches and the Evangelical and Reformed Churches.  Statement of faith written in 1959.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB WIDTH="106"><div> <B>United Church of Christ</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#DDDDDD WIDTH="341"><div> <B>see Christianity</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#DDDDDD WIDTH="243"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="243" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#AAAAAA HEIGHT= 273 ><NOBR><div> <B>Zoroastrianism</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="87"><div> Zoroaster</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="107"><div> Ahura Mazda</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="74"><div> India</div> <div> America</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="68"><div> 600 BC</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="70"><div> 125,000</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="234"><div> Founded by prophet Zoroaster at the time of Buddha.  Official religion of the Persian Empire until it was conquered by Alexandra the Great in 330 AC.  Muslims also defeated them in the 7th century.  Most reside in India.  Approximately 7,000 reside in America.  </div> <div> In India, Zoroastrians are called the Parsis (Persians).  They acquired great wealth in cotton and steel industries.  They claim the highest literacy rate in the country.  Strong cultural influence.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#BBBBBB><NOBR><div> <B>Zoroastrianism</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="341"><div> Zoroastrianism is a monotheistic religion, which has a dualistic system.  One loving God, Ahura Mazda, the creator, 2 sons. One chose good, the other chose Evil (Angra Mainyu).  There is a constant fight between Good and Evil, but at the end, in the year 2,600 AC Good will triumph, there will be a final judgment, the dead will be resurrected, and there will be a Paradise on earth.</div> <div> Avesta is their doctrine.</div> <div> The priesthood is hereditary, and the sacred fire is used in purification rituals in fire temples.  Priests practice magic, divination, astrology, etc.</div> <div> Every man has to choose good or evil.  If he chooses good, he will go to Eternal Heaven. Those who choose evil will go to hell, but there remains an opportunity for redemption of the soul.</div> <div> Zoroastrianism had influence on the beginnings of Christianity and Islam, with regard to a monotheistic view, heaven, hell, and judgment.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF WIDTH="243"><div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Sun and earth are sacred. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The dead cannot be buried on earth.  Currently in Bombay, they are placed on the top of 3 "towers of silence" set in gardens on a hill, where vultures consume flesh. (Death is caused by the devil and a corpse is evil)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Avesta (holy book) includes teachings of Zarathushtra.  Written in a series of five hymns called the Gathas.   Part of the Avesta was written at a later date than it's initial conception.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Worship through prayers and symbolic ceremonies conducted before a sacred fire, which symbolizes their understanding of God.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Motto: "Good thoughts, good words, good deeds." </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The faith does not generally accept converts.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#DDDDDD HEIGHT= 16 ><NOBR><div> <B>*</B><B> </B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#111111" FACE="Verdana" ><B>Christianity</B></FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#DDDDDD WIDTH="87"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="87" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#DDDDDD WIDTH="107"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="107" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#DDDDDD WIDTH="74"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="74" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#DDDDDD WIDTH="68"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="68" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#DDDDDD WIDTH="70"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="70" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#DDDDDD WIDTH="234"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="234" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#DDDDDD WIDTH="106"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="106" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#DDDDDD WIDTH="341"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="341" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#DDDDDD WIDTH="243"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="243" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> © 2001 Kari Anne Roberts.  (Layout & design, not content)  All rights reserved.  The <B>World's Religions</B> chart may be printed for personal use only.  Photocopying, reproduction or distribution is prohibited.  Please refer to the <A HREF="terms_use.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="terms of use"><U>terms of use</U></A>.</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="bibliography_world_s_religions_chart.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Bibliography"><U><B>Bibliography - sources</B></U></A></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <A HREF="http://www.davidwiley.com/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.davidwiley.com/"><U><B>David Wiley.com</B></U></A> features an extensive list of <B>links to Religious Texts</B>.  </div> <div> Click on 'Religion' from the home page to go directly to the list.</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.angelfire.com/md/elanmichaels/peace.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.angelfire.com/md/elanmichaels"><U><B>Peace Prayers</B></U></A><B> </B>from most of the philosophies listed above.</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.peacechime.org/peacebreath/peacebreath.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.peacechime.org/peacebreath/pe"><U><B>SWiSH Movie at Peace Breath</B></U></A>  Very peaceful...</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="humor.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Do you have a sense of humor?"><U>Do you have a sense of humor?</U></A></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id309.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Local Progression Stages"><U>BACK</U></A>   ::   <A HREF="earths_cycles.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Earths Cycle"><U>NEXT</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="bbfa40c0.gif" border=0 width="420" height="12" ALT="© 2001 K. 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